May 26, 2015
4 min

Are small links more attractive to people as icons or text?

Optimal Workshop
"Dear Optimal Workshop
How do you make a small link attractive to people (icon vs. text)?"
— Cassie

Dear Cassie,

I'm going to dive straight into this interesting question with a good old game of Pros and Cons, and then offer a resolution of sorts, with a meandering thought or two along the way. Let's kick things off with Team Icon.

The good side of icons: A picture is worth a 1000 words

When shopping online, the number above the little shopping trolley icon tells me how badly behaved I’ve been, and if I click on it, I know I’ll get to gleefully review all the shoes I've selected so far. There’s a whole heap of icons out there like this that people have absorbed and can use without thinking twice. Marli Mesibov wrote a fantastic article on the use of icons for UX Booth on the use of icons that is well worth a look. Marli discusses how they work well on small screens, which is a definite bonus when you’re on the go! Young children who aren’t yet literate can easily figure out how to open and play Angry Birds on their parent’s smartphones thanks to icons. And icons also have a great capacity for bridging language barriers.

The not so good side of icons: We’re too old for guessing games

On the flipside, there are some issues that may huff and puff and blow that cute little home icon down. Starting with there being no consistent standard for them. Sure, there are a handful that are universal like home and print, but beyond that it seems to be a free-for-all. Icons are very much in the hands of the designer and this leaves a lot of room for confusion to grow like bacteria in a badly maintained office refrigerator. Difficult to understand icons can also seriously hinder a user’s ability to learn how to use your website or application. When icons don't communicate what they intend, well, you can guess what happens. In a great piece advocating for text over icons, Joshua Porter writes about an experience he had:

"I have used this UI now for a week and I still have do a double-take each time I want to navigate. I’m not learning what the icons mean. The folder icon represents 'Projects', which I can usually remember (but I think I remember it because it’s simply the first and default option). The second icon, a factory, is actually a link to the 'Manage' screen, where you manage people and projects. This trips me up every time."

If people can't pick up the meaning of your icons quickly and intuitively, they may just stop trying altogether. And now, over to Team Label.

The good side of text: What you see is what you get

Sometimes language really is the fastest vehicle you've got for delivering a message. If you choose the right words to label your links, you'll leave the user with very little doubt as to what lies beneath. It’s that simple. Carefully-considered and well-written labels can cut through the noise and leave minimal ambiguity in their wake. Quoting Joshua Porter again: "Nothing says 'manage' like 'manage'. In other words, in the battle of clarity between icons and labels, labels always win."

The not so good side of text: Your flat shoe is my ballet pump

Text labels can get messy and be just as confusing as unfamiliar icons! Words and phrases sometimes don’t mean the same thing to different people. One person’s flat enclosed shoe may be another person’s ballet pump, and the next person may be left scratching their head because they thought pumps were heels and all they wanted was a ballet flat! Text only labels can also become problematic if there isn’t a clear hierarchy of information, and if you have multiple links on one page or screen.  Bombarding people with a page of short text links may make it difficult for them to find a starting point. And text may also hold back people who speak other languages.

The compromise: Pair icons up with text labels

Because things are always better when we work together! Capitalise on the combined force of text and icons to solve the dilemma. And I don’t mean you should rely on hovers — make both text and icon visible at all times. Two great examples are Google Apps (because nothing says storage like a weird geometric shape...) and the iPhone App store (because the compass and magnifying glass would pose an interesting challenge without text...):

When text and icons wins

So what comes next? (You can probably guess what I'm going to say)

Whatever you decide to run with, test it. Use whatever techniques you have on hand to test all three possibilities — icons only, text only, and icons and text — on real people. No Pros and Cons list, however wonderful, can beat that. And you know, the results will probably surprise you. I ran a quick study recently using Chalkmark to find out where people on the ASOS women's shoes page would click to get to the homepage (and yes, I can alway find ways to make shoe shopping an integral part of my job). 28 people responded, and...

Chalkmark first click text

...a whopping 89% of them clicked the logo, just 7% clicked the home icon, and just one person (the remaining 4%) clicked the label 'Home'. Enough said. Thanks for your question Cassie. To finish, here's some on-topic (and well-earned) comic relief (via @TechnicallyRon)

When icons go wrong
Publishing date
May 26, 2015
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Awesome! You’ll get to experience the newer version of Reframer with a fresh set of eyes. To enable Reframer, log in to your Optimal Workshop account. On your dashboard you’ll see a button to join the Reframer beta on your screen at right.

Hit the Join the beta button to try out Reframer

Used Reframer before?

Any new studies you create will automatically use the slick new version. Not quite ready to learn the new awesome? No worries you can toggle back and forth between the old version and the new in the top right corner of your screen.To learn about Reframer’s new look and features, watch the video or read the transcript below to hear more about these changes and why we made them.

When is Reframer actually coming out of beta?

This year. Stay tuned.

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We’re this close to having our qualitative research tool, Reframer, all set to release from beta.But we just couldn’t wait to share some of the changes we’ve got lined up. So, we’ve gone ahead and launched a fresh version of Reframer to give you a taste of what’s to come.These latest updates include a more streamlined workflow and a cleaner user interface, as well as laying the foundations for some exciting features in the coming months.So let’s take a look at the revamped Reframer.We’ve updated the study screen to help you get started and keep track of where your research is at.

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What’s the most important thing when observing a research session? Collecting insights of course! So we’ve simplified the capture experience to let you focus on taking great notes.

  • You can choose to reveal your tags, so they’re at the ready, or hide them so you can save your tagging till later
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Now for something totally new — introducing review mode. Here you can see your own observations, as well as those made by anyone else in your team. This makes it easy to tidy up and edit your data after your session is complete. You can filter, search and tag observations, so you’ll be ready to make sense of everything when you move to analysis.We’ve added more guidance throughout Reframer, so you’ll have the confidence you’re on the right track. New users will be up and running in no time with improved help and easy access to resources.You might notice a few changes to our UI as well, but it’s not just about looks.

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And that’s where we’re at.We've got a lot more exciting features to come, so why not jump in, give the new Reframer a try and tell us what you think!Send us your feedback and ideas at research@optimalworkshop.com and keep an eye out for more changes coming soon. Catch you later!

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Transforming digital experiences: Optimal Workshop's radical refresh

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While we've built a strong reputation among UX researchers, we've recognized that there's a broader audience of professionals who benefit from our tools and expertise. Product managers, marketers, customer experience specialists, and others involved in shaping digital experiences often lack access to professional-grade user research tools or the knowledge to effectively implement them.

Our brand refresh aims to make Optimal Workshop more accessible and relevant to this wider circle of professionals, without losing the deep respect we've earned from UX experts.

Adapting to market changes

The UX research landscape has evolved significantly since we first entered the market. With the proliferation of prototyping tools and the increasing speed of digital product development, there's been a shift away from extensive upfront research. However, we firmly believe that incorporating the voice of the customer throughout the development process is more critical than ever.

Our pivot allows us to emphasize the importance of integrating user research and insights at various stages of the digital experience lifecycle, not just during initial design phases.

Leveraging our expertise

As pioneers in the field, we have accumulated a wealth of knowledge about best practices in UX research and digital experience optimization. Our brand refresh positions us not just as a tool provider, but as a trusted partner and thought leader in the industry. We're doubling down on our commitment to sharing knowledge, standardizing best practices, and elevating the work of exceptional practitioners in the field.

Meeting evolving business needs through effective UX

The UX industry is evolving rapidly, with increasing investment and a diverse range of roles getting involved. From junior designers leveraging AI to seasoned researchers with deep expertise, the landscape is rich with talent and tools. However, the true value lies in how effectively these resources translate into business outcomes.

Optimal Workshop recognizes that exceptional digital experiences are no longer just nice-to-have – they're critical for engagement, conversion, and overall business success. Our tools bridge the gap between UX insights and tangible ROI by:

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What's changing at Optimal Workshop 🐛🦋

1. Best-in-class research & insights platform

While our core tools remain a critical part of our offering, we're broadening our focus to position Optimal Workshop as a best-in-class research & insights platform for digital experience professionals. This means developing new tools, workflows, and integrations that cater to a wider range of use cases and user types.

2. Accessibility without compromise

We're committed to making our professional-grade tools more accessible to a broader audience without sacrificing the depth and rigor that our expert users expect. This means developing new onboarding experiences, creating more intuitive interfaces, and providing educational resources to help users at all levels get the most out of our platform.

3. Championing best practices

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We're doubling down on our commitment to building and nurturing a community of digital experience professionals. This includes expanding our educational offerings, hosting more events and webinars, and creating opportunities for our users to connect and learn from each other. 

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Information Architecture vs Navigation: Creating a Seamless User Experience

When we first think of a beautiful website or app design, we rarely think of content structures, labels, and categories. But that’s exactly where great design and seamless user experiences begin. Beneath fancy fonts, layout, colors, and animations are the real heroes of user-centric design - information architecture and navigation.

Information architecture (IA) is like the blueprint of your website or app - it’s a conceptual content structure of how content is organized and arranged to create seamless interactions. And as useful as your information may be, if your navigation is flawed, users won’t be able to find it. They’ll simply leave your site and look elsewhere.


So, how does navigation and information architecture complement each other to create seamless user experiences?

Understanding Information Architecture

Information architecture refers to the practice of organizing, structuring, and labeling content and information to enhance the user's understanding and navigation of a website or application. It involves designing an intuitive, user-friendly, and efficient system to help users find and access the information they need easily. Good IA is essential for delivering a positive user experience and ensuring that your users can achieve their goals effectively.

IA is often confused with navigation structure. Navigation is a part of IA, and it refers to the way users move through a website or application. IA involves more than navigation; it encompasses the overall organization, labeling, and structure of content and information.

There are three key components of IA: organizational structure, content structure, and navigation structure. The organizational structure defines how information is organized, including the categories, subcategories, and relationships between them. The content structure refers to the way information is arranged and presented, including the hierarchy of information and the types of content used. The navigation structure outlines the pathways and components used for navigating through the information, such as menus, links, and search functions.

Some of the critical navigation components used in IA include menus, site maps, breadcrumb trails, and search functions. Site maps provide a visual representation of the site's structure, while breadcrumb trails show users where they are in the site's hierarchy. Search functions allow users to find specific information quickly.

Navigation: A Vital Element of Information Architecture

Navigation refers to the process of providing users with a means of moving through a website or application to access the information they need. Navigation is an integral part of IA, as it guides users through the organizational structure and content structure of a site, allowing them to find and access the information they require efficiently.

There are several types of navigation, including utility navigation and content navigation. Utility navigation refers to the elements that help users perform specific actions, such as logging in, creating an account, subscribing, or sharing content. Content navigation, on the other hand, refers to the elements used to guide users through the site's content, such as menus, links, and buttons.

Both types of navigation provide users with a roadmap of how the site is organized and how they can access/interact with the information they need. Effective navigation structures are designed to be intuitive and easy to use, minimizing the time and effort required for users to find and access the information they need.

The key elements of effective navigation include clear labeling, logical grouping, and consistency across the site. Clear labeling helps users understand what information they can expect to find under each navigation element, while logical grouping ensures that related content is grouped together, making it easier for users to find what they need. Consistency ensures that users can predict how the site is organized and can find the information they need quickly and easily.

Designing Navigation for a Better User Experience

Since navigation structures need to be intuitive and easy to use, it goes without saying that usability testing is central to determining what is deemed ‘intuitive’ in the first place. What you might deem intuitive, may not be to your target user

We’ve discussed how clear labeling, logical grouping, and consistency are key elements for designing navigation, but can they be tested and confirmed? One common usability test is called card sorting. Card sorting is a user research technique that helps you discover how people understand, label and categorize information. It involves asking users to sort various pieces of information or content into categories. Researchers use card sorting to inform decisions about product categorization, menu items, and navigation structures. Remember, researching these underlying structures also informs your information architecture - a key factor in determining good website design.

Tree testing is another invaluable research tool for creating intuitive and easy to use navigation structures. Tree testing examines how easy it is for your users to find information using a stripped-back, text-only representation of your website - almost like a sitemap. Rather than asking users to sort information, they are asked to perform a navigation task, for example, “where would you find XYZ product on our site?”. Depending on how easy or difficult users find these tasks gives you a great indication of the strengths and weaknesses of your underlying site structure, which then informs your navigation design.

Combine usability testing and the following tips to nail your next navigation design:

  • Keep it simple: Simple navigation structures are easier for users to understand and use. Limit the number of navigation links and group related content together to make it easier for users to find what they need.
  • Use clear and descriptive labels: Navigation labels should be clear and descriptive, accurately reflecting the content they lead to. Avoid using vague or confusing labels that could confuse users.
  • Make it consistent: Consistency across the navigation structure makes it easier for users to understand how the site is organized and find the information they need. Use consistent labeling, grouping, and placement of navigation elements throughout the site.
  • Test and refine: Usability testing is essential for identifying and refining navigation issues. Regular testing can help designers make improvements and ensure the navigation structure remains effective and user-friendly.

Best Practices for Information Architecture and Navigation

Both information architecture and navigation design contribute to great user experience (UX) design by making it easier for users to find the information they need quickly and efficiently. Information architecture helps users understand the relationships between different types of content and how to access them, while navigation design guides users through the content logically and intuitively.

In addition to making it easier for users to find information, great information architecture and navigation design can also help improve engagement and satisfaction. When users can find what they're looking for quickly and easily, they're more likely to stay on your website or application and explore more content. By contrast, poor information architecture and navigation design can lead to frustration, confusion, and disengagement.

So, when it comes to information architecture vs navigation, what are the best practices for design? We discussed some of the best practices for navigation design in the last section i.e. keep it simple, provide clear labels, and be consistent. Great navigation structure generally considers two factors: (1) what you want your users to do and, (2) what your users want to do. Strike a balance between the two, but ultimately your navigation system should focus on the needs of your users. Be sure to use simple language and remember to nest content into user-friendly categories.

Since great navigation design is typically a result of great IA design, it should come as no surprise that the key design principles of IA focus on similar principles. Dan Brown’s eight design principles lay out the best practices of IA design:

  • The principle of objects: Content should be treated as a living, breathing thing. It has lifecycles, behaviors, and attributes.
  • The principle of choices: Less is more. Keep the number of choices to a minimum.
  • The principle of disclosure: Show a preview of information that will help users understand what kind of information is hidden if they dig deeper.
  • The principle of examples: Show examples of content when describing the content of the categories.
  • The principle of front doors: Assume that at least 50% of users will use a different entry point than the home page.
  • The principle of multiple classifications: Offer users several different classification schemes to browse the site’s content.
  • The principle of focused navigation: Keep navigation simple and never mix different things.
  • The principle of growth: Assume that the content on the website will grow. Make sure the website is scalable.

Conclusion

Information architecture and navigation are the unsung heroes of website design that work in synchrony to create seamless user experiences. Information architecture refers to the practice of organizing and structuring content and information, while navigation guides users through the site's structure and content. Both are integral to creating intuitive user experiences.

In many ways, navigation and information architecture share the same traits necessary for success. They both require clear, logical structure, as well as clear labeling and categorization. Their ability to deliver on these traits often determines how well a website or application meets your users needs. Of course, IA and navigation designs should be anchored by user research and usability testing, like card sorting and tree testing, to ensure user experiences are as intuitive as possible!

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Squirrel shoes, yoga and spacesuits: My experience at CanUX 2017

One of the great things about being in the UX field is the UX community. So many inspiring and generally all-round awesome people who are passionate about what they do. What happens when you get a big bunch of those fantastic people all in the one place? You can practically watch the enthusiasm and inspiration levels rise as people talk about ideas, experiences and challenges, and how they can help each other solve problems.Luckily for us, there are lots of events dedicated to getting UX people together in one place to share, learn, grow, and connect. CanUX is one of those, and I was fortunate enough to be there in Ottawa to speak at this year’s event.

The crowd at CanUX settling in for the start of the conference.

CanUX is the annual big UX event for Canada. Started 8 years ago by volunteers who wanted to create an opportunity for the Canadian UX community to get together, it’s grown from a small event to a major conference with top speakers from around the world. Still run by two of the original volunteers, CanUX has kept its focus on community which comes through clearly in how it’s organized. From the day of the week and time of year it’s held, through to details such as a yoga class at the venue to kick off the second day of the conference, there are countless details, small and large, that encourage people to go along, to meet others, and to catch up with old friends from previous CanUX conferences.Aware that there are natural energy lulls in conferences, as people’s brains fill up with inspiration and knowledge, the CanUX team have a regular MC, Rob Woodbridge. This is a man who bounds across the stage, encourages (and actually gets!) audience participation, swears, cracks jokes, and generally seems to have a lot of fun while being the most effective MC I have ever encountered. (Naturally, he’s a bit controversial — some people love to hate him because of that unbridled enthusiasm. But either way, he sets the tone for passionate, engaging presentations!)

The crowd at CanUX had a fair few chances to interact with speakers onstage.

With all the attention to detail around the rest of the conference, it’s not surprising that the same care is shown to the conference programme. All of the main presenters are seen ahead of time by one of the organizers, and then invited to be at CanUX. A very small number of short presentation times are set aside for an open call for submissions, to help encourage newer speakers. Presentations are chosen to cover research, design and IA topics, with both practical and inspirational talks in each.The talks themselves were fantastic, covering everything from the challenges of designing spacesuits for NASA, tips for overcoming challenges of being the lone UX person in a company, to the future of robotics in services, and how to get design systems up and working in a large organization. Two of the themes that came through strongest for me this year were inclusivity and empathy — for all of the wonderfully diverse people in the world, and also for people we often forget to take the time to understand and empathize with: our peers and our colleagues.

canux-kat-hardisty2.jpg

I feel very privileged to have been able to be involved in a conference that was so full of passion and dedication to UX, and to share the stage with so many inspiring people. The topic for my presentation was a subset of the outcomes of qualitative research I have been doing into who UX people are; in particular, the different types of challenges we face depending on our roles, the type of team we are in, our experience level, and (if reasonably new to UX) where our UX knowledge comes from. My talk seemed to be well received (yay!) — although some of the enthusiasm may have been due to the shoes with squirrel heels I was wearing, which got a lot of attention!

canux-kat-hardisty.jpg

Overall, CanUX was the best organized and most thoughtful conference I’ve ever attended. The passion that the volunteer organizers have for the UX field comes through clearly, and really helps build community. Here’s hoping I’m lucky enough to get back to Ottawa for another one!

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