If there’s one universal truth in user research, it’s that at some point you’re going to need to find people to actually take part in your studies. Be it a large number of participants for quantitative research or a select number for in-depth, in-person user interviews. Finding the right people (and number) of people can be a hurdle.

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With the right strategy, you can source exactly the right participants for your next research project.

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We share a practical step-by-step guide on how to find participants for user experience research.

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The difficulties/challenges of user research recruiting 🏋️

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It has to be acknowledged that there are challenges when recruiting research participants. You may recognize some of these:

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• There are so many channels and methods you can use to find participants, different channels will work better for different projects.
• Repeatedly using the same channels and methods will result in diminishing returns (i.e. burning out participants).
• It’s a lengthy and complex process, and some projects don’t have the luxury of time.
• Offering the right incentives and distributing them is time-consuming.
• It’s hard to manage participants during long-term or recurring studies, such as customer research projects.

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We’ll simplify the process, talk about who the right participants are, and unpack some of the best ways to find them. Removing these blocks can be the easiest way to move forward.

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Who are the right participants for different types of research? 🤔

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1. The first step to a successful participant recruitment strategy is clarifying the goals of your user research and which methods you intend to use. Ask yourself:

• What is the purpose of our research?
• How do we plan to understand that?

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2. Define who your ideal research participant is. Who is going to have the answers to your questions?

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3. Work out your research recruitment strategy. That starts by understanding the differences between recruiting for qualitative and quantitative research.

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Recruiting for qualitative vs. quantitative research 🙋🏻

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Quantitative research recruiting is a numbers game. For your data analysis to be meaningful and statistically significant, you need a lot of data. This means you need to do a lot of research with a lot of people. When recruiting for quantitative research, you first have to define the population (the entire group you want to study). From there, you choose a sampling method that allows you to create a sample—a randomly selected subset of the population who will participate in your study.

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Qualitative recruiting involves far fewer participants, but you do need to find a selection of ‘perfect’ participants. Those that fit neatly into your specific demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral criteria relevant to your study. Recruiting quality participants for qualitative studies involves non-random sampling, screening, and plenty of communication.

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How many participants do you need? 👱🏻👩👩🏻👧🏽👧🏾

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How many participants to include in a qualitative research study is one of the most heavily discussed topics in user research circles. In most cases, you can get away with 5 people – that’s the short answer. With 5 people, you’ll uncover most of the main issues with the thing you’re testing. Depending on your research project there could be as many as 50 participants, but with each additional person, there is an additional cost (money and time).

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Quantitative research is obviously quite different. With studies like card sorts and tree tests, you need higher participant numbers to get statistically meaningful results. Anywhere from 20 - 500 participants, again coming back to the purpose of your test and your research budget. These are usually easier and quicker to implement therefore the additional cost is lower.

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User research recruitment - step by step 👟

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Let’s get into your research recruitment strategy to find the best participants for your research project. There are 5 clear steps to get you through to the research stage:

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1. Identify your ideal participants

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Who are they? What do they do? How old are they? Do they already use your product? Where do they live? These are all great questions to get you thinking about who exactly you need to answer your research questions. The demographic and geographic detail of your participants are important to the quality of your research results.

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2. Screen participants

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Screening participants will weed out those that may not be suitable for your specific project. This can be as simple as asking if the participants have used a product similar to yours. Or coming back to your key identified demographic requirements and removing anyone that doesn’t fit these criteria.

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3. Find prospective participants

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This is important and can be time-consuming. For qualitative research projects, you can look within your organization or ask over social media for willing participants. Or if you’re short on time look at a participant recruitment service, which takes your requirements and has a catalog of available persons to call on. There’s a cost involved, but the time saving can negate this. For qualitative surveys, a great option can be a live intercept on your website or app that interrupts users and asks them to complete a short questionnaire.

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4. Research incentives

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In some cases you will need to provide incentives. This could be offering a prize or discount for those who complete online qualitative surveys. Or a fixed sum for those that take part in longer format quantitative studies.

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5. Scheduling with participants

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Once you have waded through the emails, options, and communication from your inquiries make a list of appropriate participants. Schedule time to do the research, either in person or remotely. Be clear about expectations and how long it will take. And what the incentive to take part is.

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Tips to avoid participant burnout 📛

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You’ve got your participants sorted and have a great pool of people to call on. If you keep hitting the same group of people time and time again, you will experience the law of diminishing returns. Constantly returning to the same pool of participants will eventually lead to fatigue. And this will impact the quality of your research because it’s based on interviewing the same people with the same views.

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There are 2 ways to avoid this problem:

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1. Use a huge database of potential participant targets.
2. Use a mixture of different recruitment strategies and channels.

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Of course, it might be unavoidable to hit the same audience repeatedly when you’re testing your product development among your customer base.

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Wrap up 🌯

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Understanding your UX research recruitment strategy is crucial to recruiting quality participants. A clear idea of your purpose, who your ideal participants are, and how to find them takes time and experience. 

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And to make life easier you can always leave your participant recruitment with us. With a huge catalog of quality participants all at your fingertips on our app, we can recruit the right people quickly.

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Check out more here.

In today's digital landscape, delivering exceptional user experiences is no longer optional—it's essential for success. At Optimal, we're committed to empowering UX professionals and organizations with the best-in-class tools and methodologies to create outstanding digital products and experiences. 

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In this blog post, we'll explore practical use cases that demonstrate how Optimal's research platform can drive meaningful improvements across various UX scenarios.

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Use case 1: Make Collaborative Design Decisions or A/B Test a Design

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Whether you're refining an existing product, launching a new website, or rebranding, Optimal's user research and insights platform empowers your team to make informed, collaborative design decisions. Here's how to leverage our tools for impactful results:

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1. Qualitative Insights: Establish organizational priorities

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• Use our Qualitative Research tool to develop a comprehensive list of top tasks or goals from your organization's perspective.
• Engage stakeholders across departments to ensure alignment on key objectives.

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2. Surveys: Validate user priorities and pain points

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• Deploy a targeted survey using our Survey tool to confirm users' top tasks and identify existing issues.
• Gather quantitative data to support or challenge organizational assumptions about user needs.

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3. First-click Testing: Conduct preference testing

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• Use our First-Click Testing tool to evaluate the effectiveness of different design options.
• This method provides valuable insights for A/B testing decisions, ensuring designs resonate with your target audience.

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4. Qualitative Insights: Deep dive into user preferences

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• Conduct follow-up interviews or focus groups using our Qualitative Research tool to gain a deeper understanding of user preferences and experiences with different design options.
• Explore the 'why' behind user choices to inform more nuanced design decisions.

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By systematically applying these research methods, your team can collaboratively create designs that not only look great but also deliver exceptional user experiences. Optimal's platform empowers you to make data-driven design decisions, fostering innovation while minimizing the risk of costly missteps.

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Remember, the key to successful collaborative design is continuous iteration and testing. Use Optimal's tools throughout your design process to validate decisions, gather feedback, and refine your approach for optimal results.

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Use case 2: Developing effective content strategies

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Developing a robust content strategy is crucial for intranets, help documents, websites, and product copy. Optimal's user research and insights platform empowers you to create content that resonates with your audience and drives engagement. Here's how to leverage our tools for effective content strategy development:

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1. Card Sorting: Organize content intuitively

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• Use our Card Sorting tool to understand how users naturally categorize and group your content.
• Gain insights into users' mental models to inform your content hierarchy and organization.
• Apply findings to create a content structure that aligns with user expectations, enhancing findability and engagement.

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2. Tree Testing: Validate information architecture

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• Employ our Tree Testing tool to confirm whether information placed within your proposed hierarchy is findable and understandable.
• Identify areas where users struggle to locate content, enabling you to refine your structure for optimal user experience.
• Iterate on your information architecture based on concrete user data, ensuring your content is easily accessible.
• Test different content structures and then compare them with each other using the task comparison tool available in Optimal to understand which structure is most likely to drive users to perform the targeted actions.

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3. Qualitative Insights: Analyze language perceptions

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• Leverage our Qualitative Research tool to conduct in-depth interviews or focus groups.
• Explore user perceptions of terminology, language style, and content tone.
• Gather rich insights to inform your content voice and style guide, ensuring your messaging resonates with your target audience.

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4. Additional Applications of Qualitative Insights

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   Expand your content strategy research by using our Qualitative Research tool to:

• Review internal tools and processes to streamline content creation workflows.
• Compare content experiences across desktop and mobile devices for consistency.
• Gather event feedback to inform content for future marketing materials.
• Analyze customer service and support interactions to identify common issues and FAQs.
• Conduct usability testing on existing content to identify areas for improvement.

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   Key questions to explore:

• What's working well in your current content?
• What's not resonating with users?
• What are users' first impressions of your content?
• How do users typically interact with your content?
• How well does your content foster empathy and connection with your audience?

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By systematically applying these research methods, you'll develop a content strategy that not only meets your organizational goals but also deeply resonates with your audience. Optimal's platform empowers you to create content that informs, engages, and converts, driving meaningful results for your business.

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Remember, content strategy is an ongoing process. Regularly use Optimal's tools to assess the effectiveness of your content, gather user feedback, and iteratively improve your approach for continued success.

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Use case 3: Increase website traffic

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Empower your team to boost conversion rates by leveraging Optimal's best-in-class user research and insights platform. Here's how you can unlock meaningful improvements:

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1. Qualitative Insights & Surveys: Uncover user motivations

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• Conduct in-depth interviews or targeted surveys to gather rich, qualitative feedback about user experiences, motivations, and pain points on your site.
• Add an intercept snippet to your existing website to survey users as they come to your website to get a clear understanding of user motivations in context.
• Analyze responses to identify key themes and opportunities for optimization.

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2. Tree Testing: Optimize navigation structure

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• Use our Tree Testing tool to evaluate the effectiveness of your site's navigation structure.
• Identify areas where users struggle to find information, enabling you to streamline pathways to conversion.

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3. Card Sorting: Enhance information architecture

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• Leverage our Card Sorting tool to understand how users naturally categorize your site's information.
• Apply insights to refine the layout of product features or benefits on your landing pages, aligning with user expectations.

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4. Prototype Testing: Validate Design Changes

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• Develop prototypes of new landing pages or key conversion elements (like CTAs) using our Prototype Testing tool.
• Conduct first-click tests to ensure your design changes resonate with users and drive desired actions.

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5. Follow-up Qualitative Insights: Iterate and improve

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• After implementing changes, conduct follow-up interviews or surveys to gauge the impact of your optimizations.
• Gather feedback on the improved user experience and identify any remaining pain points.

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By systematically applying these research methods, you'll gain the actionable insights needed to create a more intuitive, engaging, and conversion-friendly website. Optimal empowers you to make data-driven decisions that not only boost conversions but also enhance overall user satisfaction.

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Embracing mixed methods research

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To truly unlock the power of user research, we recommend a mixed methods approach. By combining quantitative data from surveys and usability tests with qualitative insights from interviews and open-ended responses, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of your users' needs and behaviors.

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For more information on mixed methods research and how it can enhance your UX strategy, check out our detailed guide: What is mixed methods research?

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And that’s a wrap

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Optimal's user research and insights platform provides the tools and methodologies you need to deliver exceptional digital experiences. By leveraging these use cases and adopting a mixed methods approach, you can make data-driven decisions that resonate with your users and drive business success.

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Remember, great UX is an ongoing journey. Regularly employ these research methods to stay attuned to your users' evolving needs and preferences. With Optimal as your partner, you're equipped to create digital products and experiences that truly stand out in today's competitive landscape.

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Ready to elevate your UX research? Explore Optimal's platform and start unlocking actionable insights today!